Aslam

The following are some of evils in markets — to tell lies to the customers, to conceal the defects of commodities and articles of sale, to increase or reduce the weights and measures, to sell toys of animals and buy them to sell articles of gold and silver, silk dresses etc. Some of the evils in path ways are the following to construct shops in the pathways, to encroach the pathway by extending the verandah of a building, to tie animals obstructing the pathway of the people, to sacrifice animals on the pathway , to throw refuges, to allow water of a building to fall on the pathway or by extending a pipe. The following are some of the evils in feasts — to spread cushions of silk, to serve in cups of gold and silver, to beat drums, or to sing songs, to serve unlawful foods and drinks, to arouse laughter by telling false stories, to spend lavishly in various kinds of food. The following are some of the evils in buildings — to spend unnecessary expenses in the construction of buildings because to spend money without benefit is to destroy it. If a man has got only one hundred dinars without any other property and it is necessary for the maintenance of his family members, his spending it in a marriage will be considered as misuse and to prevent him from it is compulsory. God says : Don't spread your hand to its utmost spreading lest you sit down condemned and despaired. God says: Don't be extravagant, in expense. The extravagant are the brothers of the devils.. God says : When they spend, they are not extravagant, nor miser. To prevent miserliness and extravagance is compulsory.

ADVICE TO THE RULERS

In case of enjoining good to the rulers and kings and forbidding them evils, only the first two modes should to adopted and not the other modes of harsh treatment, abuses, assault and fight. In other words, they should be advised with sweet words with full possession of knowledge of their evil actions. To apply other modes in their case in unlawful as it creats disturbance and loss of peace and tranquillity. To takfi.risk personally and individually is not unlawful without risking the people in general into dangers and difficulties, because the Prophet said : Hamza, son of Abdul Muttableb, is best among the

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martyrs and then the next best is he who standing before a ruler enjoins him good and forbids him evil for which he is killed by him. His rank is lower than Hamza. The Prophet said : The best Jihad is to speak right words before, a tyrnt ruler. The Prophet praised Hazrat Omar by saying : He is an iron man and the defamation of a back- biter cannot divert him from the matters of God. Those who had firm and certain faith approached the rulers with truth and enjoined them good and forbade evils even at the risk of their lives, properties and honour in order to be blessed with martyrdom.