Aslam

Praise be to Allah.It is the way of Allaah in His creation of man

to test him and try him. Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):

“that Allaah might test what is in your breasts; and to purify

that which was in your hearts (sins), and Allaah is All-Knower

of what is in (your) breasts”

[Aal

‘Imraan 3:154]

One of the things with which Allaah tests us is Iblees (may Allaah

curse him). Allaah has made him one of those who are given respite,

blocking the way of good and commanding evil, forbidding what is good

and enjoining what is evil. There are those who believe him; many people

among the sons of Adam follow him; he is misled and he misleads others.

Iblees vowed to do that, as Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):

“And

(remember) when We said to the angels: ‘Prostrate yourselves unto Adam.’

They prostrated themselves except Iblees (Satan). He said: ‘Shall I

prostrate myself to one whom You created from clay?’

[Iblees

(Satan)] said: ‘See this one whom You have honoured above me, if You

give me respite (keep me alive) to the Day of Resurrection, I will surely,

seize and mislead his offspring (by sending them astray) all but a few!’

(Allaah)

said: ‘Go, and whosoever of them follows you, surely, Hell will be the

recompense of you (all)

an ample recompense.

And

befool them gradually those whom you can among them with your voice

(i.e. songs, music, and any other call for Allaah’s disobedience), make

assaults on them with

your cavalry and your infantry, share

with them wealth and children (by tempting them to earn money by illegal

ways

usury, or by committing illegal sexual intercourse), and make promises

to them.” But Satan promises them nothing but deceit.

Verily,

My slaves (i.e. the true believers of Islamic Monotheism) — you have

no authority over them. And All-Sufficient is your Lord as a Guardian.’”

[al-Israa’

17:60-65]

“And

surely, We created you (your father Adam) and then gave you shape (the

noble shape of a human being); then We told the angels, ‘Prostrate yourselves

to Adam’, and they prostrated themselves, except Iblees (Satan), he

refused to be of those who prostrated themselves.

(Allaah)

said: ‘What prevented you (O Iblees) that you did not prostrate yourself,

when I commanded you?’ Iblees said: ‘I am better than him (Adam), You

created me from fire, and him You created from clay.’

(Allaah)

said: ‘(O Iblees) get down from this (Paradise), it is not for you to

be arrogant here. Get out, for you are of those humiliated and disgraced.’

(Iblees)

said: ‘Allow me respite till the Day they are raised up (i.e. the Day

of Resurrection).’

(Allaah)

said: ‘You are of those respited.’

(Iblees)

said: ‘Because You have sent me astray, surely, I will sit in wait against

them (human beings) on Your straight path.

Then

I will come to them from before them and behind them, from their right

and from their left, and You will not find most of them as thankful

ones (i.e. they will not be dutiful to You).’

(Allaah)

said (to Iblees): ‘Get out from this (Paradise), disgraced and expelled.

Whoever of them (mankind) will follow you, then surely, I will fill

Hell with you all.’”

[al-A’raaf

7:11-18]

From the apparent meaning of these aayaat and others, it is clear

that Allaah has delayed the death of Iblees (may Allaah curse him) until

an appointed time. Allaah has postponed his death until a day that is

known to Him, which no one else knows. Iblees asked Allaah to give him

respite, as Allaah said (interpretation of the meaning):

“[Iblees

(Satan)] said: ‘My Lord! Give me then respite till the Day the (dead)

are resurrected.’

(Allaah)

said: ‘Verily, you are of those allowed respite

Till

the Day of the time appointed.’” [Saad

38:79-81]

The scholars differed concerning the phrase “Till

the Day of the time appointed”:

·Some said that this means the Day of Resurrection, at the second blast of the

Trumpet.

·Some said that it means the decreed lifespan of Iblees.

Most of the scholars said that what is meant by “the

Day of the time appointed” is the day when all creatures

will die, at the time of the first blast of the Trumpet, not the second

blast. They said: because after the Resurrection – at the second blast

of the Trumpet – there will be no more death. Allaah says (interpretation

of the meaning):

“And

the Trumpet will be blown, and all who are in the heavens and all who

are on the earth will swoon away, except him whom Allaah wills. Then

it will be blown a second time, and behold they will be standing, looking

on (waiting)”

[al-Zumar

39:68]

Al-Baydaawi said in his Tafseer:

“Till the Day of the time appointed”

means, the time appointed for you with Allaah, or when all people will

die, which is at the first blast of the Trumpet, according to the majority.

(Tafseer al-Baydaawi, 3/370)

Al-Qurtubi (may Allaah have mercy on him) said in his tafseer

of this aayah:

Ibn

‘Abbaas said: What He meant by this is the first blast of the Trumpet,

i.e., when all creatures will die. Or it was said, the appointed time,

the knowledge of which Allaah has kept to Himself and which Iblees does

not know. So Iblees will die and then be resurrected. Allaah says (interpretation

of the meaning):

“Whatsoever

is on it (the earth) will perish”

[al-Rahmaan

55:26]

(Tafseer al-Qurtubi,10/27)

Al-Tabari narrated

in his Tafseer  from

al-Suddi:

“[Iblees

(Satan)] said: ‘My Lord! Give me then respite till the Day the (dead)

are resurrected.’

(Allaah)

said: ‘Verily, you are of those allowed respite

Till

the Day of the time appointed.’”

[Saad

38:79-81 – interpretation of the meaning]

He did not give him respite until the Day of Resurrection,

but rather until the day of the time appointed, which is the day when

the first blast of the Trumpet will be given and everyone who is in

the heavens and on earth will swoon and then die. (8/132)

Imaam al-Shawkaani said in his tafseer of

this aayah:

Till

the Day of the time appointed.’”

[Saad

38:79-81 – interpretation of the meaning]

The day which Allaah has decreed for the death

of all creatures, which is when the last blast of the Trumpet will be

sounded, or it was said the first blast. It was said that Iblees asked

to be given a respite until the Day of Resurrection so that he might

avoid death, because if he were given respite until the Day of Resurrection,

he would not die before the resurrection; when the resurrection came,

he would thus have avoided death. But Allaah responded in a manner that

denied him his desire and thwarted his aims, which was by giving him

respite until the day of the time appointed, which is known only to

Allaah, and no one else knows it.

(Fath al-Qadeer, 4/446)

This indicates that Iblees (may Allaah curse

him) is still alive and that he is still spreading mischief on earth

and misguiding people away from the path of Allaah. But he is not immortal

and will not live until the Day of Resurrection, rather there is an

appointed time when he will die – and Allaah knows best when that appointed

time will be. Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):

“Everyone shall taste death”

[Aal

‘Imraan 3:185]

“Whatsoever

is on it (the earth) will perish.

And

the Face of your Lord full of Majesty and Honour will remain forever”

[al-Rahmaan

55:26-27]

There are also reports which indicate that Iblees

(may Allaah curse him) was alive at the time of the Prophet

(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him):

·Iblees appeared on the day of Badr in the form of Suraaqah

ibn Maalik. Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):

“And (remember) when Shaytaan (Satan) made their (evil) deeds

seem fair to them and said, ‘No one of mankind can overcome you this

day (of the battle of Badr) and verily, I am your neighbour (for each

and every help).’ But when the two forces came in sight of each other,

he ran away and said ‘Verily, I have nothing to do with you. Verily,

I see what you see not. Verily, I fear Allaah for Allaah is Severe in

punishment’”

[al-Anfaal

8:48]

Ibn Katheer said in his

tafseer of this aayah:

He (may Allaah curse him) made attractive to them the reason why they

came and what

they wanted to do. He raised their hopes that they would not be overwhelmed

by anybody on that day, and calmed their fears that their homes might

be attacked by their enemies Banu Bakr. He said, “and verily, I am your

neighbour (for each and every

help)”

– because he appeared in the form of Suraaqah ibn Maalik ibn Ja’sham,

the leader of Banu Mudlij and the leader of that region. All of that

came from him, as Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):

“He (the Shaytaan) makes promises to them, and arouses in them false desires;

and Shaytaan’s promises are nothing but deceptions.” [al-Nisaa’ 4:120]

Ibn Juraij said: Ibn ‘Abbaas (may Allaah

be pleased with him) said concerning this aayah: When the day of Badr

came, Iblees marched with his flags and his troops alongside the mushrikeen,

and gave the mushrikeen the notion that no one would defeat them and

that he was their neighbour. But when the (enemies) met in battle, and

the Shaytaan saw the angelic reinforcements (on the Muslims’ side),

he ran away, i.e., he turned on his heels and fled, saying, Verily,

I see what you see not… (Tafseer

Ibn Katheer, 2/318)

·He also (may Allaah curse him) appeared on the day of

Uhud. It was reported in a saheeh hadeeth that ‘Aa’ishah (may Allaah

be pleased with him) said: On the day of Uhud, the mushrikeen were defeated.

Then Iblees shouted out, ‘O slaves of Allaah! Beware the ones behind

you!’ So the front ranks attacked the ones behind. Hudhayfah looked

and saw his father al-Yamaan. He cried out, ‘O slaves of Allaah, my

father, my father!’ By Allaah, they did not stop until they killed him

[al-Yamaan]. Hudhayfah said, ‘May Allaah forgive you.’ ‘Urwah [one of

the narrators] said: By Allaah, because of this, Hudhayfah remained

in a good state until he met Allaah [i.e., died]. (Narrated by al-Bukhaari,

no. 3047)

·It was narrated in the saheeh ahaadeeth that the Prophet

(peace and blessings of Allaah

be upon him) saw Iblees. It was narrated in a saheeh hadeeth that Abu’l-Dardaa’

(may Allaah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allaah

(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) stood up, and we heard him

say: “I seek refuge in Allaah from you.” Then he said: “I curse you

with the curse of Allaah” three times, and he spread out his hand as

if reaching for something. When the prayer was over, we said, “O Messenger

of Allaah, we heard you saying something in the prayer that we have

never heard you say before, and we saw you stretching out your hand.”

He said, “The enemy of Allaah Iblees came with a flame of fire to throw

in my face, and I said, ‘I seek refuge with Allaah from you’ three times.

Then I said, ‘I curse you with the complete curse of Allaah’ three times,

but he did not retreat. Then I wanted to seize him. By Allaah, were

it not for the prayer of our brother Sulaymaan, he would have been tied

up this morning and the children of the people of Madeenah would have

played with him.” (Narrated by Muslim, no. 843; al-Nasaa’i, no. 1200)

It was narrated from Abu Sa’eed al-Khudri

that the Messenger of Allaah (peace

and blessings of Allaah be upon him) prayed Subh (Fajr) prayer and he

[Abu Sa’eed] was behind him. He recited and got confused in his recitation.

When the prayer was over, he said, ‘If only you could have seen me and

Iblees. I grabbed him and kept on trying to strangle him until I felt

the coldness of his saliva on these two fingers, the thumb and the one

next to it. Were it not for the prayer of my brother Sulaymaan, he would

have been tied to one of the pillars of the mosque this morning, and

the children of Madeenah would have played with him. Whoever among you

can prevent him from coming between him and the qiblah, let him do that.”

(Narrated by Ahmad, no. 11354).

·It was narrated that Jaabir (may Allaah be pleased with

him) said: I heard the Prophet

(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) say: “The throne of Iblees

is on the sea and he sends out his troops to spread mischief (fitnah)

among the people. The greatest of them in his sight is the one who causes

the most fitnah.” (Narrated by Muslim, 5031; Ahmad, no. 1427)

So Iblees (may the curse of Allaah be upon

him) is still alive, and he will die on the Day

of the time appointed, until which Allaah has given him a respite, which

according to the most correct scholarly view is the Day of the first

blast on the Trumpet. And Allaah knows best.