Aslam

Praise be to Allah.

The Standing Committee was asked about playing cards

if that does not distract people from prayer and there is no money involved.

They answered:

Playing cards is not permitted, even if there is no money

involved, because the problem with that is that it distracts people

from remembering Allaah (dhikr) and from prayer. Even if they claim

that this is not the case, then it is still a means that may lead to

gambling which is expressly forbidden in the Qur’aan. Allaah says (interpretation

of the meaning):

“Intoxicants

(all kinds of alcoholic drinks), and gambling, and Al-Ansaab (stone

altars for sacrifices to false gods) and Al-Azlaam (arrows for

seeking luck or decision) are an abomination of Shaytaan’s (Satan’s)

handiwork. So avoid (strictly all) that (abomination) in order that

you may be successful”

[al-Maa’idah 5:90]

These cards have an effect on society, for the bonds

of a strong society are achieved by means of two things: following the

commands of Allaah and heeding His prohibitions. A society disintegrates

when it neglects any of those duties or does any of those things that

are forbidden. These cards form one of the factors which have an effect

on society. They cause people to neglect prayer in congregation, and

they generate alienation, breaking of ties, hatred and negligence through

the committing of haraam actions, and they make people too lazy to earn

a living.

Fataawa Islamiyyah, 4/436

With

regard to the history of these playing cards: No one really knows who

invented playing cards or when or where they were invented. It has been

said that they are of Chinese or Indian origin, or otherwise. But historians

are agreed that they came to Europe from the Middle East in the latter

part of the Middle Ages. Experts also say that there is agreement that

playing cards have clearly evolved from that time until now.

Playing cards made their first appearance in Europe in

Andalusia, and were brought to northern Spain in the eleventh century

CE.

The traditional deck of cards in Spain consisted of 40

cards, including the numbers 1 to 7, plus three characters, the highest

of which was the “ruler”, followed by the “deputy”, then the “scribe”

or “knight.”

In the sixteenth century, the French changed the cards,

replacing the “ruler” with the king, the “deputy” with the queen, and

the “knight” with the jack. They also added three new numbers, so that

the deck now consisted of 52 cards. In the seventeenth century, the

Germans added a fourth character, the joker.

We have quoted above the fatwa on playing with these

cards. It may also be added that playing cards is devoid of any of the

goals of recreational activities as required in Islam; it does not teach

any skill that is needed for jihad or any useful knowledge or bring

any social benefit or relaxation that will calm the nerves. Rather it

is a game that has nothing good in it; it causes arguments and simply

kills time. It is based on speculation and chance, and it is like playing

with dice, in that it leads to disputes and fighting, and it is like

alcohol and gambling.

Based on the above, it would not be farfetched to suggest

that it is haraam rather than makrooh, by analogy with dice, because

both are based on chance and both lead to arguments.

The same view was favoured by Shaykh Ibn Hajar al-Haythami,

and it is the view of our contemporary scholars, and of Shaykh Muhammad

ibn Saalih al-‘Uthaymeen among the fuqaha’ of al-Najd, who transmitted

it from his shaykhs. This is based on the fact that it leads to enmity

and hatred, and because it is a great waste of time and it distracts

people from remembering Allaah (dhikr) and keeps them from worshipping

and obeying Him.

This view is further supported by the fact that one of

the French kings issued orders banning people from playing cards during

the day, and stating that everyone who went against this order was to

be arrested and punished. That was because the French people loved playing

cards too much, to such an extent that they were neglecting their work

in order to play cards. The punishment dictated by this French king

was not just a brief imprisonment, he also added a severe beating as

a deterrent to others.

Yet

despite these decrees and others, he did not succeed in uprooting the

habit of playing cards; the only result was that the people started

to play in secret rather than openly.

From Qadaaya al-Lahw wa’l-Tarfeeh by Maadoon Rasheed, p. 185-187.